Resources & Guides
Everything you need to know about reclaimed lumber, sustainable building, and making eco-conscious choices for your next project.
Tools & Resources
From calculating your environmental impact to reading our latest sustainability achievements, these resources will help you build smarter and greener.
Frequently Asked Questions
Get answers to the most common questions about buying, selling, and working with reclaimed lumber. From quality standards to delivery logistics, we cover it all.
- 30+ detailed questions and answers
- Organized by category: buying, quality, installation, pricing
- Links to relevant products and services
- Updated quarterly with new questions from customers
Carbon Savings Calculator
Calculate the environmental impact of choosing reclaimed lumber over new. See how many trees you save, how much CO2 you offset, and the landfill waste you prevent.
- Enter board feet, species, and project type
- Instant CO2 offset and tree-equivalency results
- Shareable Environmental Impact Certificate
- Based on USDA Forest Products Laboratory data
Sustainability Report
Read our annual sustainability report detailing environmental metrics, carbon offsets, waste diversion achievements, and our roadmap for a greener future.
- 362K board feet salvaged in 2025
- 847 tons of CO2 emissions prevented
- 95% waste diversion rate
- Year-over-year metrics from 2023 to 2025
Blog & Articles
Expert insights on reclaimed lumber, sustainable building practices, DIY project ideas, Minneapolis lumber history, and reducing your carbon footprint.
- New articles published monthly
- DIY project tutorials with step-by-step instructions
- Minneapolis lumber history deep-dives
- Species spotlights and wood science guides
Lumber Math Cheat Sheet
The essential formulas and conversion factors you need to estimate materials, plan deliveries, and budget your reclaimed lumber project. Bookmark this page for quick reference.
Board Feet (BF)
BF = (T" × W" × L′) / 12
The standard measurement for hardwood lumber. Thickness in inches, width in inches, length in feet.
Linear Feet to Board Feet
BF = LF × (W" × T") / 12
Multiply linear feet by the width and thickness (both in inches), then divide by 12.
Square Feet to Board Feet
BF = SqFt × T"
Multiply square footage by the board thickness in inches. For T&G, multiply by the coverage factor first.
Weight Estimate (Oak)
≈ 4.2 lbs per Board Foot
White and red oak average about 4.2 lbs/BF at 8% MC. Use for load planning and vehicle capacity.
Weight Estimate (Pine)
≈ 2.5 lbs per Board Foot
White pine, heart pine, and longleaf pine average 2.5 lbs/BF. Heart pine runs slightly heavier at 2.8 lbs/BF.
Weight Estimate (Fir)
≈ 2.8 lbs per Board Foot
Douglas fir averages about 2.8 lbs/BF. Old-growth reclaimed fir can be denser, closer to 3.0 lbs/BF.
Weight Estimate (Cedar)
≈ 1.9 lbs per Board Foot
Eastern red cedar is one of the lightest domestic species at approximately 1.9 lbs/BF.
Waste Factors by Pattern
Always add a waste factor to your calculated board footage. The percentage depends on the complexity of the installation pattern.
Straight Runs
Standard waste for straight, parallel board installation — flooring runs, wall paneling, simple shelving.
Angled Cuts
Diagonal layouts, 45-degree accent walls, mitered frames, and any project requiring frequent angle cuts.
Herringbone / Chevron
Complex repeating patterns require more cuts per board and generate more short offcuts that cannot be reused.
Coverage Factors for Profiled Boards
When boards are milled with tongue-and-groove, shiplap, or nickel-gap profiles, the net coverage per board differs from the nominal width. Use these factors to calculate how much material you actually need.
| Profile | Nominal Width | Net Coverage | Multiplier | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1×6 Tongue-and-Groove | 5.5" | 5.25" | 1.048× | The tongue is hidden in the groove, reducing net coverage by approximately 0.25 inches per board. |
| Shiplap | 5.5" | 5.5" | 1.00× | Shiplap rabbets overlap without reducing the face width, so nominal and net coverage are equal. |
| Nickel-Gap | 5.5" | 5.375" | 1.023× | A small reveal gap is milled into the overlap, reducing net coverage slightly compared to standard shiplap. |
Species Identification Quick Guide
Learn to identify the 15 most common reclaimed wood species by color, grain pattern, weight, and smell. Each entry includes 3-4 key identifying characteristics that will help you recognize species in the field or at our yard.
White Oak
Golden brown
- Closed pores (tyloses visible under magnification)
- Passes the water test — holds water in end grain
- Prominent medullary rays on quarter-sawn faces
- Heavy, hard, and dense with a mild vanilla-like scent
Red Oak
Pinkish tan to light brown
- Open pores (no tyloses — absorbs a water drop instantly)
- Visible ray fleck on quarter-sawn, though less prominent than white oak
- Lighter and slightly softer than white oak
- Mild grain odor, no distinctive scent
Heart Pine
Orange-amber to deep honey
- Dense, resinous, extremely heavy for a softwood
- Strong pine resin smell when freshly cut
- Tight growth rings — often 20-30 per inch in old-growth
- Distinct contrast between amber heartwood and cream-colored sapwood
Douglas Fir
Red-brown to salmon pink
- Distinct straight grain with moderate texture
- Moderate weight — lighter than hardwoods, heavier than most pines
- Often shows dramatic cathedral grain on flat-sawn faces
- Slight resinous scent, less intense than pine
White Pine
Light cream to pale straw
- Very soft and lightweight — easily dented with a fingernail
- Even, fine texture with minimal grain contrast
- Mild, sweet smell when freshly cut
- Darkens to a warm honey tone over decades of exposure
Eastern Red Cedar
Reddish to purple-brown heartwood
- Strongly aromatic — unmistakable cedar scent
- Very lightweight for its apparent density
- Knots are common and typically tight and dark
- Natural oils make it naturally resistant to insects and decay
Hemlock
Even light brown to tan
- Non-resinous with no distinctive smell
- Moderate weight, softer than fir
- Straight, even grain with fine texture
- Often confused with fir but lacks the reddish cast
American Elm
Tan to medium brown
- Interlocked grain that makes it extremely tough to split
- Moderately heavy with a coarse texture
- Often shows a wavy, interlocking grain pattern on faces
- Sapwood and heartwood color are similar, making it difficult to distinguish
Hard Maple
Creamy white to very light tan
- Very fine, uniform grain with a subtle sheen
- Extremely heavy and hard — resists denting
- End grain shows fine, evenly distributed pores
- Occasionally shows curly or bird's-eye figure
Black Walnut
Rich dark chocolate brown
- Open, moderately coarse grain
- Moderate weight — lighter than oak but heavier than pine
- Heartwood is dramatically dark compared to pale sapwood
- Produces a distinctive earthy, slightly bitter smell when cut
American Chestnut
Warm brown, often with worm tracks
- Lightweight for a hardwood — surprisingly light in hand
- Wormy character (frass trails from chestnut borer) is common and prized
- EXTREMELY RARE — only available as reclaimed due to chestnut blight
- Straight grain, coarse texture, excellent workability
Hickory
Light cream with dark brown streaks
- Extremely hard and heavy — among the hardest domestic species
- Dramatic color contrast between heartwood and sapwood
- Coarse, open grain similar to oak but without ray fleck
- Flexible and shock-resistant — historically used for tool handles
Cherry
Reddish-pink, darkening to deep red-brown
- Fine, straight grain with a satiny sheen
- Moderate weight and hardness
- Darkens dramatically with UV light exposure over weeks and months
- Occasional gum pockets and mineral streaks add character
Ash
Light tan to pale brown
- Similar to oak in appearance but without visible medullary rays
- Lighter in color than most oaks with more consistent tone
- Ring-porous — visible growth rings with open earlywood pores
- Moderate weight, excellent shock resistance
Poplar
Greenish-white to olive heartwood
- Lightweight and soft — one of the softest hardwoods
- Heartwood often has a distinctive green or purple streaky cast
- Fine, even texture with straight grain
- Easy to work with hand and machine tools, takes paint well
Project Planning Worksheets
Step-by-step worksheets for the most common reclaimed lumber projects. Follow the steps, plug in your numbers, and arrive at an accurate material estimate before you contact us for a quote.
Flooring Worksheet
Measure room length and width in feet
Calculate square footage: L × W = SqFt
Choose your waste factor: 10% (straight), 15% (diagonal), 20% (herringbone)
Adjusted SqFt = SqFt × (1 + waste factor)
Convert to Board Feet: Adjusted SqFt × thickness in inches = BF
Choose species and check our pricing per BF
Estimate cost: BF × price per BF = total material cost
Example
A 12′ × 14′ room = 168 sqft. Add 10% waste = 184.8 sqft. At 3/4" thick = 138.6 BF. In reclaimed white oak at $8.50/BF = approximately $1,178.
Accent Wall Worksheet
Measure wall height and width in feet
Calculate square footage: H × W = SqFt
Subtract window and door openings
Choose pattern: horizontal (10% waste), diagonal (15%), herringbone (20%)
Apply waste factor and convert to BF
Choose species and finish
Estimate cost: BF × price per BF
Example
A 10′ × 14′ wall with one 3′ × 5′ window = 125 sqft. Horizontal pattern +10% = 137.5 sqft. At 3/4" thick = 103 BF. In reclaimed white pine at $5/BF = approximately $515.
Beam Worksheet
Determine required span length
Consult an engineer for load calculations and required cross-section
Size the beam: width × depth × length
Calculate BF: (W" × D" × L′) / 12
Choose species based on structural and aesthetic needs
Calculate weight: BF × lbs/BF for species
Plan delivery — beams over 12′ require flatbed
Example
An 8" × 10" × 16′ Douglas fir beam = 106.7 BF. At 2.8 lbs/BF = 299 lbs. Requires flatbed delivery and minimum two people for installation.
Furniture Worksheet
Design piece and create a cut list of all components
Calculate BF for each component: (T" × W" × L′) / 12
Sum all components for subtotal BF
Add 15-20% waste factor for defect cutting and fitting
Choose species based on appearance and durability
List hardware needs: fasteners, hinges, slides, etc.
Select finish: oil, polyurethane, wax, or paint
Example
A farmhouse dining table (42" × 84" top, 2" thick) = 49 BF for the top alone. Add legs, apron, and stretchers ≈ 20 BF. Plus 20% waste = 82.8 BF total. In reclaimed white oak at $9/BF = approximately $745.
Deck Worksheet
Calculate deck surface area in square feet
Add railing length in linear feet if applicable
Calculate framing BF: joists + beams + ledger + rim
Calculate decking BF: surface sqft × board thickness + 15% waste
Choose species with outdoor durability (white oak, cedar)
Add fastener count: approximately 350 screws per 100 sqft
Plan for finish: exterior oil, sealant, or leave to weather
Example
A 12′ × 20′ deck (240 sqft) with railing on 3 sides (44 LF). Decking ≈ 300 BF. Framing ≈ 180 BF. Railing ≈ 60 BF. Total ≈ 540 BF + fasteners + finish.
Seasonal Guide for Minnesota
Minnesota's dramatic seasonal shifts affect wood behavior, project timing, and material availability. Use this month-by-month guide to plan your projects around the weather and our inventory cycles.
January - February
Plan projects, visit our yard for best selection of premium species, and start interior projects. This is the ideal time for accent walls, shelving, and furniture building.
Humidity & Moisture
Indoor humidity drops to 15-25% RH. Wood reaches its lowest MC of the year (6-7%). Boards installed now may show slight gaps in summer as they absorb moisture.
Pro Tip
Order and acclimate flooring indoors now for spring installation. The low humidity will bring MC to perfect interior levels.
March - April
Order materials for spring and summer projects. Acclimate flooring indoors for at least 14 days. Prep outdoor project sites as frost leaves the ground.
Humidity & Moisture
Indoor humidity begins rising to 30-40% RH. Outdoor wood begins absorbing moisture. Monitor stored lumber for condensation.
Pro Tip
This is our busiest ordering period. Place your order early to ensure species and quantity availability.
May - June
Outdoor installation season begins. Ideal time to stain and seal outdoor wood before summer heat. Deck and fence projects should begin now.
Humidity & Moisture
Outdoor humidity rises to 50-70% RH. Wood equilibrium MC shifts to 10-12%. Allow outdoor projects to acclimate before finishing.
Pro Tip
Apply exterior finishes on mild days (50-80°F) with low humidity. Avoid direct sun during application.
July - August
Peak construction season. Order early for availability as demand is highest. Heat accelerates finish curing, which can be an advantage.
Humidity & Moisture
High humidity (60-80% RH outdoors). Interior AC keeps indoor levels at 40-55%. Wood swells to maximum width. Leave adequate expansion gaps.
Pro Tip
Barn wood is less available in summer as farmers are busy. Plan barn wood projects for fall delivery.
September - October
Last chance for outdoor finishes before winter. Barn wood is most available now from fall tear-downs and pre-winter demolitions. Great time to seal decks.
Humidity & Moisture
Humidity drops steadily. Wood begins contracting. This is actually ideal for flooring installation — MC is near annual average.
Pro Tip
Fall is prime time for reclaimed barn wood. Our inventory peaks from September through November as rural structures are deconstructed before winter.
November - December
Indoor project season returns. Holiday custom fabrication orders should be placed by early November. Plan January start dates for large projects.
Humidity & Moisture
Indoor humidity drops below 35% as heating systems run. Kiln-dried lumber performs well. Acclimate material for at least 7 days.
Pro Tip
Custom mantels, tables, and shelving make exceptional gifts. Order by November 1 for holiday delivery.
Care & Maintenance Library
Reclaimed wood is an investment that improves with age — if you care for it properly. Here are detailed care guides for every common application, with Minnesota-specific advice for our climate.
Indoor Flooring Care
Sweep or vacuum daily to prevent grit from scratching the finish. Damp mop weekly with a pH-neutral wood floor cleaner — never use excessive water. Place felt pads under all furniture legs and use mats at entryways. Refinish every 7-10 years by screening (light sanding) and applying a fresh coat of polyurethane or oil. For oil-finished floors, reapply maintenance oil annually.
Exterior Siding Maintenance
Inspect annually for signs of moisture intrusion, cracking, or finish failure. Clean with mild soap and a soft brush — avoid pressure washing above 1,200 PSI. Re-seal or re-stain every 2-3 years, or sooner if water no longer beads on the surface. In Minnesota, pay special attention to south- and west-facing walls, which receive the most UV and weather exposure. Freeze-thaw cycles can drive moisture into unsealed end grain — seal all cut ends during installation.
Beam Care
Dust quarterly with a soft cloth or vacuum with a brush attachment. Check connections (bolts, brackets, hangers) annually and tighten as needed. Monitor checking — small cracks that develop along the grain are normal and cosmetic in most cases. If checking is excessive or structural, consult an engineer. For decorative beams, apply a clear penetrating oil every 2-3 years to maintain color. Never paint over character — it cannot be undone.
Furniture Care
Use coasters under all drinks and hot dishes. Apply felt pads under decorative objects to prevent scratches. For oil-finished furniture, apply a maintenance coat of the same oil annually — tung oil, Danish oil, or linseed oil depending on the original finish. Avoid placing furniture in direct sunlight for extended periods, as UV light can bleach or darken the wood unevenly. For polyurethane-finished pieces, clean with a damp cloth and avoid harsh chemicals.
Countertop Care
For butcher block countertops, apply food-safe mineral oil monthly for the first year, then quarterly thereafter. Wipe spills immediately — standing water is the enemy. Sand and re-oil annually, or whenever the surface feels dry or looks dull. Use cutting boards for food preparation to prevent knife marks. For epoxy-sealed countertops, simply clean with a damp cloth. Avoid placing hot pots directly on any wood countertop — always use a trivet.
Barn Door Maintenance
Check hardware monthly for the first year, then quarterly. Tighten all mounting bolts and screws. Lubricate the track and rollers annually with a dry silicone spray — avoid oil-based lubricants that attract dust. Adjust the bottom guide seasonally, as the door may shift slightly with humidity changes. If the door sticks or binds, check that the track is level and the rollers are clean. For exterior barn doors, seal all surfaces including edges and end grain.
Deck Care
Sweep regularly to remove debris that traps moisture. Power wash annually at low pressure (under 1,500 PSI) with a fan tip — never use a zero-degree nozzle on wood. Re-stain or re-seal every 2-3 years. In Minnesota, check fasteners each spring after the freeze-thaw cycle, as frost heave can loosen deck screws and joist hangers. Replace any boards showing signs of structural rot. Apply end-grain sealer to any new cuts made during maintenance.
Accent Wall Care
Dust monthly with a microfiber cloth or vacuum with a soft brush attachment. Avoid hanging heavy objects without first locating studs or blocking behind the planks — toggle bolts can pull through thin reclaimed boards. Touch up finish as needed with the same product used during installation. If the wall receives direct sunlight, expect gradual color change (darkening for most species, lightening for walnut). A UV-protective clear coat can slow this process.
Understanding Wood Movement
Wood is a hygroscopic material — it constantly absorbs and releases moisture from the surrounding air. This causes dimensional changes (expansion and contraction) that every woodworker and installer must account for. Understanding wood movement is the single most important factor in a successful reclaimed lumber installation.
Why Wood Moves
Wood cells are like tiny tubes. When humidity is high, these tubes absorb moisture from the air and swell. When humidity is low, they release moisture and shrink. This happens primarily across the grain (width), not along the grain (length). A board may change significantly in width over the course of a year but barely change in length at all.
In Minnesota, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) varies dramatically by season: 6-8% in winter when heated indoor air is very dry, and 10-12% in summer when humidity rises. This 4-6% swing in MC translates directly to measurable dimensional change in your installed wood.
How to Plan for Movement
Expansion gaps: Leave 1/4" to 3/8" gaps at walls, cabinets, and other fixed objects when installing flooring. These gaps are hidden by baseboards and transitions.
Floating installations: For wide-plank flooring, floating installations (boards not glued or nailed to the subfloor) allow the entire floor to move as a unit, reducing stress on individual boards.
Proper fastening: Use slot-screwed cleats or elongated screw holes on tabletops to allow the top to expand and contract without cracking.
Why reclaimed moves less: Decades of seasoning in a building means reclaimed wood has already gone through hundreds of moisture cycles. It is more dimensionally stable than freshly milled lumber. This is one of the hidden advantages of choosing reclaimed.
Seasonal Movement by Species
Expected dimensional change for a 6-inch-wide flat-sawn board over a full Minnesota heating season (from summer high MC to winter low MC). Quarter-sawn boards typically move about half as much.
| Species | Movement Level | 6" Board Change | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| White Oak (flat-sawn) | Moderate | ~3/32" seasonal change | Quarter-sawn white oak moves about half as much — one of the most stable options. |
| Red Oak (flat-sawn) | Moderate-High | ~1/8" seasonal change | More movement than white oak. Use narrower boards or quarter-sawn for better stability. |
| Heart Pine (flat-sawn) | Low-Moderate | ~1/16" seasonal change | Dense old-growth pine is remarkably stable. Reclaimed heart pine moves less than new pine. |
| Douglas Fir (flat-sawn) | Moderate | ~3/32" seasonal change | Moderate mover. Wider boards require proper fastening to prevent cupping. |
| White Pine (flat-sawn) | Moderate-High | ~1/8" seasonal change | Soft and responsive to humidity. Keep boards narrow (6" or less) for wall applications. |
| Hard Maple (flat-sawn) | High | ~5/32" seasonal change | Among the highest movers. Always use narrow boards and proper expansion gaps for flooring. |
Lumber Knowledge Base
Quick reference charts, conversion tables, and grading summaries — everything you need at your fingertips when planning a reclaimed lumber project.
Wood Species Comparison Chart
Compare the hardness, density, best uses, and availability of the most common reclaimed wood species we stock.
| Species | Janka (lbf) | Density | Best For | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Oak | 1,360 | 47 lb/ft³ | Flooring, furniture, beams | Common |
| Red Oak | 1,290 | 44 lb/ft³ | Flooring, cabinetry, trim | Common |
| Heart Pine | 1,225 | 42 lb/ft³ | Flooring, paneling, countertops | Moderate |
| Douglas Fir | 660 | 34 lb/ft³ | Beams, siding, framing | Common |
| Longleaf Pine | 870 | 39 lb/ft³ | Flooring, decking, structural | Limited |
| White Pine | 380 | 25 lb/ft³ | Paneling, shelving, accent walls | Common |
| American Elm | 830 | 35 lb/ft³ | Furniture, turning, mantels | Moderate |
| Hard Maple | 1,450 | 44 lb/ft³ | Flooring, countertops, butcher block | Moderate |
| Black Walnut | 1,010 | 38 lb/ft³ | Furniture, mantels, accent pieces | Limited |
| Eastern Red Cedar | 900 | 33 lb/ft³ | Closet lining, outdoor projects | Moderate |
| American Chestnut | 540 | 30 lb/ft³ | Paneling, flooring, furniture | Rare |
| Hemlock | 500 | 28 lb/ft³ | Framing, siding, beams | Common |
Dimensional Lumber Size Reference
Nominal sizes vs. actual dimensions, plus board feet per linear foot for quick material estimation. Note that reclaimed lumber may differ slightly from modern standards — many vintage boards are closer to true nominal dimensions.
| Nominal Size | Actual (Modern) | Board Feet / Linear Foot |
|---|---|---|
| 1 x 4 | 3/4" x 3-1/2" | 0.33 |
| 1 x 6 | 3/4" x 5-1/2" | 0.50 |
| 1 x 8 | 3/4" x 7-1/4" | 0.67 |
| 1 x 10 | 3/4" x 9-1/4" | 0.83 |
| 1 x 12 | 3/4" x 11-1/4" | 1.00 |
| 2 x 4 | 1-1/2" x 3-1/2" | 0.67 |
| 2 x 6 | 1-1/2" x 5-1/2" | 1.00 |
| 2 x 8 | 1-1/2" x 7-1/4" | 1.33 |
| 2 x 10 | 1-1/2" x 9-1/4" | 1.67 |
| 2 x 12 | 1-1/2" x 11-1/4" | 2.00 |
| 4 x 4 | 3-1/2" x 3-1/2" | 1.33 |
| 6 x 6 | 5-1/2" x 5-1/2" | 3.00 |
| 8 x 8 | 7-1/2" x 7-1/2" | 5.33 |
Board Foot Conversion Quick Reference
A board foot is the standard unit for measuring hardwood lumber. Use this formula to calculate board feet for any piece of lumber.
Formula
Board Feet = (T x W x L) / 144
Where T = thickness in inches, W = width in inches, L = length in inches. For length in feet, use: (T x W x L) / 12.
Quick Examples
- 1" x 6" x 8' = 4 board feet
- 1" x 12" x 10' = 10 board feet
- 2" x 6" x 12' = 12 board feet
- 2" x 10" x 8' = 13.3 board feet
- 6" x 6" x 10' = 30 board feet
- 8" x 8" x 12' = 64 board feet
Pro Tip: Always Add a Waste Factor
When estimating material for a project, add 10-15% to your calculated board footage to account for cutting waste, defects, and fitting. For complex patterns like herringbone flooring, increase the waste factor to 20%.
Grading Standards Summary
Reclaimed lumber is graded differently than new lumber. Here is a quick overview of the grading systems relevant to our products.
NHLA Hardwood Grades
- FAS: Highest grade. 83%+ clear face. Minimum 6" wide, 8' long.
- Select: One clear face. Minimum 4" wide, 6' long.
- #1 Common: 66% clear. Good for shorter cuttings.
- #2 Common: 50% clear. Economical, character-rich.
Reclaimed-Specific Grades
- Premium Select: Minimal character marks, tight grain, few knots.
- Character Grade: Knots, nail holes, checking, and patina present.
- Rustic Grade: Heavy character, large knots, visible history.
- Structural Grade: Certified for load-bearing applications.
Structural Grading
- Visual Grading: Assessed per ASTM D245 standards.
- Machine Stress-Rated: Mechanically tested for strength values.
- Engineer Stamped: Certified by a licensed PE for specific loads.
- In-situ Assessment: Evaluated in place before deconstruction.
Reclaimed Wood Glossary
Definitions of the most common terms you will encounter when shopping for, specifying, or working with reclaimed lumber.
Board Foot
A unit of lumber measurement equal to 144 cubic inches — equivalent to a board 1 inch thick, 12 inches wide, and 12 inches long. This is the standard unit used to price and measure hardwood lumber.
S4S (Surfaced Four Sides)
Lumber that has been planed smooth on all four faces — both flat surfaces and both edges. S4S lumber is ready for immediate use in finished projects without additional milling.
Skip-Planed
Lumber that has been lightly planed to reveal the wood grain and remove loose material while intentionally leaving some rough, original surface texture. This preserves the aged character of reclaimed wood while making it easier to work with.
Shiplap
A profile where boards are milled with a rabbet (step) cut along the top and bottom edges so that they overlap when installed horizontally. Popular for accent walls, siding, and ceiling treatments.
Tongue-and-Groove (T&G)
A milling profile where one edge has a protruding ridge (tongue) and the opposite edge has a corresponding groove. The pieces interlock for a tight, gap-free installation commonly used in flooring and paneling.
FAS (Firsts and Seconds)
The highest grade in the NHLA hardwood grading system. FAS boards must be at least 6 inches wide, 8 feet long, and yield at least 83.3% clear-face cuttings. This grade delivers the longest, widest, and cleanest boards.
Patina
The natural surface appearance that develops on wood over decades of exposure to air, light, and use. In reclaimed lumber, patina includes color changes, weathering marks, and subtle surface textures that cannot be replicated artificially.
Old-Growth
Timber harvested from forests that had matured over centuries without significant human disturbance. Old-growth wood has extremely tight, dense grain patterns because the trees grew slowly under heavy canopy competition. Most old-growth lumber available today comes from reclaimed sources.
Kiln-Dried (KD)
Lumber that has been dried in a controlled kiln to reduce its moisture content to a specified level, typically 6-8% for interior use. Kiln-drying also kills insects and mold. Reclaimed lumber is often re-kiln-dried before sale.
Moisture Content (MC)
The percentage of water in wood relative to its dry weight, measured with a pin or pinless moisture meter. Interior projects typically require 6-8% MC; exterior projects can tolerate 12-19% MC. Improperly dried wood will shrink, warp, or cup.
Janka Hardness
A standardized test measuring the force (in pounds) required to embed a 0.444-inch steel ball halfway into a wood surface. Higher Janka ratings mean harder, more dent-resistant wood. For example, red oak rates 1,290 lbf while heart pine rates 1,225 lbf.
Checking
Small cracks or splits that develop along the grain of wood as it dries and ages. Checking is a natural characteristic of reclaimed lumber and is generally cosmetic rather than structural. Surface checks often add desirable character.
Spalting
Distinctive dark lines and patterns in wood caused by fungal colonization during early stages of decomposition. Spalted wood is prized for its unique, marble-like appearance and is highly sought after for furniture, turning, and decorative applications.
Live Edge
Lumber where the natural outer edge of the tree — including bark line and irregular contour — is preserved rather than trimmed to a straight line. Live-edge slabs are popular for tables, countertops, shelving, and mantels.
Reclaimed
Wood that has been recovered from an existing structure (barn, factory, warehouse, bridge) or application and reprocessed for use in new projects. Reclaimed lumber preserves old-growth character and diverts material from landfills.
Salvaged
Wood recovered from trees that have fallen naturally, been damaged by storms, or removed due to urban development or disease — rather than commercially logged from standing forests. Salvaged lumber is distinct from reclaimed lumber, which comes from existing structures.
Deconstructed
A structure that has been carefully disassembled by hand (as opposed to machine demolition) to maximize the recovery of reusable materials. Deconstruction preserves the integrity of lumber, hardware, and architectural elements.
De-Nailed
Lumber from which all nails, screws, staples, and embedded metal have been removed. De-nailing is a critical processing step for reclaimed wood and typically involves metal detection followed by hand extraction.
Character Grade
A grading designation for reclaimed lumber that includes natural imperfections such as knots, nail holes, checking, and color variation. Character-grade wood is intentionally selected for its visual interest and rustic appearance.
Dimensional Lumber
Lumber that has been milled to standardized widths and thicknesses (e.g., 2x4, 2x6, 2x8). Note that nominal dimensions differ from actual dimensions: a 2x4 actually measures 1.5 inches by 3.5 inches after surfacing.
Air-Dried
Lumber that has been dried naturally by exposure to outdoor air circulation, as opposed to kiln-drying. Air-drying is slower (months to years) and typically brings wood to 12-15% moisture content, suitable for many exterior applications.
Heartwood
The dense, dark inner core of a tree trunk. Heartwood is biologically inactive and naturally more resistant to decay and insects than sapwood. In many species, heartwood has the most desirable color and figure.
Resawn
Thick timbers that have been cut (resawn) into thinner boards on a bandsaw. Resawing reclaimed beams is an efficient way to produce large quantities of character-rich boards from a single piece of salvaged timber.
Guides by Project Type
Not sure where to start? Browse our resources organized by the type of project you are planning.
Flooring Projects
Guides for installing reclaimed hardwood floors, from subfloor preparation to finishing techniques.
Beam & Timber Projects
Learn about structural reclaimed beams, decorative mantels, and exposed beam ceiling installations.
Furniture Making
Tips for building farmhouse tables, shelving, desks, and custom furniture from reclaimed wood.
Accent Walls & Paneling
How to design and install reclaimed wood accent walls, wainscoting, and ceiling treatments.
Outdoor Projects
Best practices for using reclaimed lumber in decks, fences, pergolas, and garden structures.
Commercial Builds
Specifying reclaimed lumber for restaurants, retail spaces, offices, and hospitality interiors.
For Architects & Designers
We work regularly with architecture firms, interior designers, and design-build teams across the Twin Cities. Our team understands specification language, LEED documentation requirements, and the unique considerations of specifying reclaimed materials.
CSI-Formatted Specifications
We provide specification language compatible with MasterFormat Division 06 (Wood and Plastics) for inclusion in your project documents.
LEED Credit Documentation
Reclaimed lumber contributes to MR Credit 3 (Materials Reuse). We provide chain-of-custody documentation and salvage source verification for LEED submittals.
Sample Boards & Finish Mockups
We send physical samples of species, finishes, and profiles so you and your clients can see and feel the material before committing. Free for qualified trade projects.
Material Availability Consultation
Engage us early in the design phase. We will advise on which species, dimensions, and quantities are realistic given current and projected inventory.
For Contractors
Whether you are a general contractor, finish carpenter, or specialty installer, we make it easy to source and receive reclaimed lumber on your schedule. Our contractor services are designed to keep your project moving without delays.
Bulk Ordering & Volume Pricing
Orders over 500 board feet qualify for volume pricing. We offer tiered discounts at 500 bf, 1,000 bf, and 2,500+ bf thresholds.
Jobsite Delivery
We deliver directly to your jobsite on flatbed trucks with forklift offloading. Schedule deliveries to align with your installation timeline.
Pre-Milled & Job-Packed Orders
We mill, sort, and bundle your order by room, phase, or cut list before delivery so your crew can start installing immediately.
Contractor Account Program
Registered contractors receive priority notifications for new inventory, net-30 payment terms (with approved credit), and a dedicated account representative.
Downloadable Resources
Free PDF guides, worksheets, and templates to help you plan, specify, and care for your reclaimed lumber project. Contact us at info@lumberminneapolis.com to request any of these resources.
Species Identification Guide
A 24-page visual guide to identifying the most common reclaimed wood species available in the upper Midwest. Includes grain pattern photos, color descriptions, hardness ratings, and typical applications for 15 species.
Care & Maintenance Guide
Step-by-step instructions for caring for reclaimed wood in every application — flooring, furniture, accent walls, outdoor installations, and structural beams. Covers cleaning, sealing, refinishing, and seasonal maintenance.
Board Foot Calculator Worksheet
A printable worksheet with board foot conversion formulas, a quick-reference table, and blank fields for calculating your project's total board feet. Includes a 10% waste factor calculator and cost estimator.
Project Planning Checklist
A comprehensive checklist for planning any reclaimed lumber project. Covers measurements, species selection, moisture requirements, finish type, lead time, delivery logistics, and budget estimation.
Reclaimed Lumber Specification Template
A ready-to-use specification template for architects and designers. Pre-formatted with fields for species, grade, dimensions, moisture content, finish, and installation requirements per CSI MasterFormat.
Environmental Impact Certificate Sample
A sample of the Environmental Impact Certificate we provide with orders over 100 board feet. Shows CO2 savings, tree equivalency, landfill diversion data, and methodology references.
Video Tutorials & Walkthroughs
Visual guides covering species identification, installation techniques, finishing methods, and yard tours. Subscribe to our channel for new content each month.
How to Identify Reclaimed Wood Species
A visual walkthrough of grain patterns, color, and end-grain characteristics for the 10 most common reclaimed species in Minnesota.
12 minInstalling Reclaimed Wood Accent Walls
Step-by-step guide to planning, acclimating, cutting, and installing a reclaimed wood accent wall in your home or office.
18 minLumber Minneapolis Yard Tour
A virtual tour of our Roseville processing facility, including the milling shop, kiln room, and organized lumber yard.
8 minFinishing Reclaimed Wood: Oil vs. Poly vs. Wax
Compare the three most popular finish types for reclaimed lumber — see how each affects color, sheen, protection, and long-term maintenance.
15 minBuilding a Farmhouse Table from Reclaimed Oak
Full project tutorial from rough reclaimed boards to a finished dining table, including milling, joinery, glue-up, and finishing.
25 minHow We Deconstruct a Barn
Follow our crew as they carefully disassemble a 120-year-old Minnesota barn, saving every usable beam, board, and timber.
20 minLatest Articles
Expert insights, practical guides, and the latest in sustainable building practices from the Lumber Minneapolis team.
10 Benefits of Using Reclaimed Lumber
From superior grain character to environmental savings, discover why reclaimed wood is the smart choice for builders and homeowners alike.
Read articleHow Reclaimed Wood Reduces Your Carbon Footprint
Every board foot of reclaimed lumber prevents 3.6 kg of CO2 emissions. Learn the full environmental picture.
Read articleA Complete Guide to Choosing the Right Reclaimed Wood
Species, grading, project matching, and what to inspect before you buy. Everything you need to make the right choice.
Read articleThe Rich History of Minneapolis's Lumber Industry
How Minneapolis became the lumber capital of the world and why that heritage lives on in every board we salvage.
Read article15 DIY Projects You Can Build with Reclaimed Lumber
Practical, beautiful projects for every skill level using salvaged wood. From floating shelves to farmhouse tables.
Read articleIndustry Organizations & Resources
Trusted organizations advancing sustainable building, responsible forestry, and material reuse across the industry.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
International nonprofit promoting responsible forest management worldwide.
Visit siteU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Organization behind LEED certification, the most widely used green building rating system.
Visit siteBuilding Materials Reuse Association (BMRA)
National nonprofit advancing the recovery and reuse of building materials.
Visit siteNational Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA)
The authoritative body for hardwood lumber grading rules in North America.
Visit siteMinnesota Pollution Control Agency
State agency providing resources on construction waste reduction and recycling programs.
Visit siteThe Reuse Network
Directory connecting builders and homeowners with reclaimed and salvaged building materials nationally.
Visit siteUSDA Forest Products Laboratory
Federal research facility producing data on wood properties, carbon storage, and sustainable forestry.
Visit siteCan't Find What You Need?
Our team is always happy to answer questions about reclaimed lumber, sustainability, or your specific project needs.